REddyProc typical workflow
Importing the half-hourly data
The workflow starts with importing the half-hourly data. The example, reads a text file with data of the year 1998 from the Tharandt site and converts the separate decimal columns year, day, and hour to a POSIX timestamp column. Next, it initializes the sEddyProc class.
#+++ load libraries used in this vignette
library(REddyProc)
library(dplyr)
#+++ Load data with 1 header and 1 unit row from (tab-delimited) text file
fileName <- getExamplePath('Example_DETha98.txt', isTryDownload = TRUE)
EddyData.F <- if (length(fileName)) fLoadTXTIntoDataframe(fileName) else
# or use example dataset in RData format provided with REddyProc
Example_DETha98
#+++ Add time stamp in POSIX time format
EddyDataWithPosix.F <- fConvertTimeToPosix(EddyData.F, 'YDH',Year.s = 'Year'
,Day.s = 'DoY',Hour.s = 'Hour')
#+++ Initalize R5 reference class sEddyProc for post-processing of eddy data
#+++ with the variables needed for post-processing later
EddyProc.C <- sEddyProc$new('DE-Tha', EddyDataWithPosix.F,
c('NEE','Rg','Tair','VPD', 'Ustar'))A fingerprint-plot of the source half-hourly shows already several gaps. A fingerprint-plot is a color-coded image of the half-hourly fluxes by daytime on the x and and day of the year on the y axis.
EddyProc.C$sPlotFingerprintY('NEE', Year.i = 1998)
For writing plots of data of several years to pdf see also
Estimating the uStar threshold distribution
The second step, is the estimation of the distribution of uStar thresholds, to identify periods of low friction velocity (uStar), where NEE is biased low. Discarding periods with low uStar is one of the largest sources of uncertainty in aggregated fluxes. Hence, several quantiles of the distribution of the uncertain uStar threshold are estimated by a bootstrap.
The friction velocity, uStar, needs to be in column named “Ustar” of the input dataset.
uStarTh <- EddyProc.C$sEstUstarThresholdDistribution(
nSample = 100L, probs = c(0.05, 0.5, 0.95))
#filter(uStarTh, aggregationMode == "year")
select(uStarTh, -seasonYear)## aggregationMode season uStar 5% 50% 95%
## 1 single <NA> 0.4162500 0.3762929 0.4496429 0.6290729
## 2 year <NA> 0.4162500 0.3762929 0.4496429 0.6290729
## 3 season 1998001 0.4162500 0.3762929 0.4496429 0.6290729
## 4 season 1998003 0.4162500 0.3119556 0.4077083 0.5588958
## 5 season 1998006 0.3520000 0.2614071 0.3892857 0.4685000
## 6 season 1998009 0.3369231 0.2291751 0.3918973 0.5338566
## 7 season 1998012 0.1740000 0.2635545 0.4300000 0.6180205The output reports uStar estimates of 0.42 for the orignal data and 0.38, 0.45, 0.63 for lower, median, and upper quantile of the estimated distribution. The threshold can vary between periods of different surface roughness, e.g. before and after harvest. Therefore, there are estimates for different time periods, called seasons, reported as different rows. These season-estimates can be aggregated to entire years or to a single value across years, reported by rows with corresponding aggregation mode.
The subsequent post processing steps will be repeated using the three quantiles of the uStar distribution. They require to specify a uStar-threshold for each season and a suffix to distinguish the outputs related to different thresholds.
For this example of an evergreen forest site, we choose to use the same annually aggregated uStar threshold estimate in each season within a year. Further, we store the column names from the estimation result to variable uStarSuffixes, in order to distinguish generated columns.
uStarThAnnual <- usGetAnnualSeasonUStarMap(uStarTh)[-2]
uStarSuffixes <- colnames(uStarThAnnual)[-1]
print(uStarThAnnual)## season U05 U50 U95
## 1 1998001 0.3762929 0.4496429 0.6290729
## 2 1998003 0.3762929 0.4496429 0.6290729
## 3 1998006 0.3762929 0.4496429 0.6290729
## 4 1998009 0.3762929 0.4496429 0.6290729
## 5 1998012 0.3762929 0.4496429 0.6290729Gap-filling
The second post-processing step is filling the gaps using information of the valid data. Here, we decide to use the same annual uStar threshold estimate in each season, as obtained above, and decide to compute uncertainty also for valid records (FillAll).
EddyProc.C$sMDSGapFillAfterUStarDistr('NEE',
UstarThres.df = uStarThAnnual,
UstarSuffix.V.s = uStarSuffixes,
FillAll = TRUE
)The screen output (not shown here) already shows that the uStar-filtering and gap-filling was repeated for each given estimate of the uStar threshold , i.e. column in uStarThAnnual, with marking 22% to 38% of the data as gap. For gap-filling without prior uStar-filtering using sEddyProc_sMDSGapFill or for applying single or user-specified uStar thresholds using sEddyProc_sMDSGapFillAfterUstar see vignette("uStarCases").
For each of the different uStar threshold estimates a separate set of output columns of filled NEE and its uncertainty is generated, distinguished by the suffixes given with uStarSuffixes. Suffix “_f" denotes the filled value and “_fsd" the estimated standard devation of its uncertainty.
grep("NEE_.*_f$",names(EddyProc.C$sExportResults()), value = TRUE)
grep("NEE_.*_fsd$",names(EddyProc.C$sExportResults()), value = TRUE)## [1] "NEE_U05_f" "NEE_U50_f" "NEE_U95_f"
## [1] "NEE_U05_fsd" "NEE_U50_fsd" "NEE_U95_fsd"A fingerprint-plot of one of the new variables shows that gaps have been filled.
EddyProc.C$sPlotFingerprintY('NEE_U50_f', Year.i = 1998)
Partitioning net flux into GPP and Reco
The third post-processing step is partitioning the net flux (NEE) into its gross components GPP and Reco. The partitioning needs to distinguish carefully between night-time and day-time. Therefore it needs a specification of geographical coordinates and time zone to allow computing sunrise and sunset. Further, the missing values in the used meteorological data need to be filled.
EddyProc.C$sSetLocationInfo(Lat_deg.n = 51.0, Long_deg.n = 13.6, TimeZone_h.n = 1)
EddyProc.C$sMDSGapFill('Tair', FillAll.b = FALSE)
EddyProc.C$sMDSGapFill('VPD', FillAll.b = FALSE) Now we are ready to invoke the partitioning, here by the night-time approach, for each of the several filled NEE columns.
#variable uStarSuffixes was defined above at the end of uStar threshold estimation
resPart <- lapply(uStarSuffixes, function(suffix){
EddyProc.C$sMRFluxPartition(Suffix.s = suffix)
})The results are stored in columns Reco and GPP_f modified by the respective uStar threshold suffix.
grep("GPP.*_f$|Reco",names(EddyProc.C$sExportResults()), value = TRUE)## [1] "Reco_U05" "GPP_U05_f" "Reco_U50" "GPP_U50_f" "Reco_U95" "GPP_U95_f"Visualizations of the results by a fingerprint plot gives a compact overview.
EddyProc.C$sPlotFingerprintY('GPP_U50_f', Year.i = 1998)
For using daytime-based flux partitioning see sEddyProc_sGLFluxPartition computing columns GPP_DT and Recco_DT.
Estimating the uncertainty of aggregated results
First, the mean of the GPP across all the year is computed for each uStar-scenario and converted from \({\mu mol\, CO_2\, m^{-2} s^{-1}}\) to \({gC\,m^{-2} yr^{-1}}\).
FilledEddyData.F <- EddyProc.C$sExportResults()
#suffix <- uStarSuffixes[2]
GPPAggCO2 <- sapply( uStarSuffixes, function(suffix) {
GPPHalfHour <- FilledEddyData.F[[paste0("GPP_",suffix,"_f")]]
mean(GPPHalfHour, na.rm = TRUE)
})
molarMass <- 12.011
GPPAgg <- GPPAggCO2 * 1e-6 * molarMass * 3600*24*365.25
print(GPPAgg)## U05 U50 U95
## 1898.418 1956.090 1923.919The difference between those aggregated values is a first estimate of uncertainty range in GPP due to uncertainty of the uStar threshold.
(max(GPPAgg) - min(GPPAgg)) / median(GPPAgg) In this run of the example a relative error of about 3% is inferred.
For a better but more time consuming uncertainty estimate, specify a larger sample of uStar threshold values, for each repeat the post-processing, and compute statistics from the larger sample of resulting GPP columns. This can be achieved by specifying a larger sequence of quantiles when calling sEstUstarThresholdDistribution.
sEstUstarThresholdDistribution(
nSample = 200, probs = seq(0.025,0.975,length.out = 39) )Storing the results in a csv-file
The results still reside inside the sEddyProc class. We first export them to an R Data.frame, append the columns to the original input data, and write this data.frame to text file in a temporary directory.
FilledEddyData.F <- EddyProc.C$sExportResults()
CombinedData.F <- cbind(EddyData.F, FilledEddyData.F)
fWriteDataframeToFile(CombinedData.F, 'DE-Tha-Results.txt', Dir.s = tempdir())